Extending the Mand Repertoire: Skill Sequence
Mand training doesn’t stop after the child can ask for a few things. As noted early in this training, we all ask for many things throughout the course of our day to day activities.
When teaching the mand, instructors need to consider when to introduce various specific mand skills. The following chart provides one possible sequence for teaching mands. The skills shaded in green represent skill items that are to be taught early in the mand training process and in sequence from the top of the chart toward the bottom. The skills shaded in blue represent skill items to be taught in sequence from top to bottom when the learner has acquired many exemplars of the skills listed in the initial sequence. Finally when the student has acquired the intermediate skills to strength, the areas shaded in lavender can be taught, again in sequence from top to bottom. Keep in mind that this skill sequence represents only a guide for decision making, the actual sequence for teaching individual students may vary based upon their rate of acquisition and motivational issues both between and across skills.
Colored squares on this chart indicate skill areas to be actively taught at each level.
This skill sequence was derived from the author’s experiences in the process of teaching mands as well as from sequences presented in both the ABLLS (Partington, 2007; Partington &Sundberg, 1998) and The VB-MAPP (Sundberg, unpublished manuscript). The sequence is presented as a general guide to an instructional sequence; the actual sequence in which students are taught may vary according to a number of variables.
Chart 13
MAND SEQUENCE CHART
Mand Skill Area | Initial Instruction | Intermediate Instruction | Advanced Instruction |
---|---|---|---|
Establishing Social Interaction as Source of Reinforcement: Critical throughout | |||
Mands with Item/SD Present and Prompts | |||
Mands with Item/SD Present | |||
Extend Number of Items/Actions | |||
Mands Across Instructors | |||
Mands Across Settings | |||
Peer to Peer Manding | |||
Mands for Missing Items | |||
Mands Solely under Control of MO | |||
Establishes Audience Contact | |||
Mands for Negation: Remove item or stop activity | |||
Mands for Assistance: specifics (actions) and help | |||
Mands for People | |||
Mands for others to Attend to Specific Stimuli (items, activities, etc) | |||
Mands for others to Comment/Respond to Actions, Features, Possessions of Speaker | |||
2 component manding (action + noun, adjective + noun, action + adverb, action + action, noun + noun) | |||
Multiple Component (more than 2 components) | |||
Mands in Response to an MO related Question with Yes, No | |||
Mands with Prepositions | |||
Mands with Pronouns | |||
Manding for Peer Participation in Play or Activities | |||
Mands for Information | |||
Mands for Future Events | |||
Increasing Mean Length of Utterances to Sharpen Audience Control (Autoclitics) | |||
Conversational Mands | |||
Mands for Sympathy and Emotional Support |
In the following sections of this training manual we will describe the specific teaching procedures for the various skill areas identified in the skill sequence chart.